GERMANY
Back to Germany's Yellow-net Two Germanies Tourists in Germany!
| Europe's largest economy and most populous
nation, Germany remains a key member of the
continent's economic, political, and defense
organizations. European power struggles immersed
the country in two devastating World Wars
in the first half of the 20th century and
left the country occupied by the victorious
Allied powers of the US, UK, France, and
the Soviet Union in 1945. With the advent
of the Cold War, two German states were formed
in 1949: the western Federal Republic of
Germany (FRG) and the eastern German Democratic
Republic (GDR). The democratic FRG embedded
itself in key Western economic and security
organizations, the EC, which became the EU,
and NATO, while the communist GDR was on
the front line of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact.
The decline of the USSR and the end of the
Cold War allowed for German unification in
1990. Since then Germany has expended considerable
funds to bring eastern productivity and wages
up to western standards. In January 2002,
Germany and 11 other EU countries introduced
a common European currency, the euro. |
Germany EARLY HISTORY Ancient Period
The Germanic tribes, which probably
originated
from a mixture of races in the
coastal region
of the Baltic Sea, inhabited
the greater
northern part of the European
continent by
about 500 B.C. By 100 B.C. they
had advanced
into the central and southern
area of present-day
Germany. At this time, there
were three major
groups: the eastern Germanic
peoples living
along the Oder and Vistula rivers;
the northern
Germanic peoples inhabiting the
southern
part of present-day Scandinavia;
and the
western Germanic peoples inhabiting
the extreme
south of Jutland and the area
between the
North Sea and the Elbe, Rhine,
and Main rivers.
The Rhine was the temporary boundary
line
between Germanic and Roman territory
after
the defeat of the Suevian tribe
by Julius
Caesar about 70 B.C. The threatening
presence
of the warlike tribes caused
the Romans to
pursue a campaign of expansion
into Germanic
territory. However, the defeat
of the provincial
governor Varus by Arminius in
the Battle
of the Teutoburg Forest (A.D.
9) halted Roman
colonial policy; Arminius had
learned the
enemy's strategies during his
military training
in the Roman armies. This battle
brought
about the liberation of the greater
part
of Germany from Roman domination.The
Rhine
River was once again the boundary
line, until
the Romans reoccupied territory
on its eastern
bank and built the limes, a 300-mile
fortification,
in the first century A.D.
The migration of Germanic peoples
(Völkerwanderung)
from the second through the sixth
century
A.D. was a violent period of
change and destruction
in which eastern and western
tribes left
their native lands and settled
in newly acquired
territories. This period of Germanic
history,
which later supplied material
for heroic
epics, contributed to the downfall
of the
Roman Empire and resulted in
a considerable
expansion of habitable area for
the Germanic
peoples. However, with the exception
of those
established by the Franks and
the AngloSaxons
, the Germanic kingdoms founded
during these
centuries of migration were of
relatively
short duration because of their
assimilation
by the native Roman populations.
The final
conquest of Roman Gaul by the
Frankish tribes
in the sixth century became a
milestone of
European history; it was the
Franks who were
to become the founders of a civilized
German
state. |
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